The ledger

It has been done before

A dated record of moments when a Muslim ruler, court or council of scholars retired a rule that once seemed permanent. This is a starting record of 21 entries and it will grow.

1844
Istanbul

The Ottoman government gives a written undertaking that converts from Islam will no longer be put to death.

1846
Tunis

Ahmad Bey abolishes slavery in Tunisia, two years before France and nineteen before the United States.

1856
Istanbul

The Reform Edict declares Muslim and non-Muslim subjects equal and ends the poll tax on non-Muslims.

1924
Ankara

The Turkish parliament abolishes the caliphate.

1956
Tunis

The Code of Personal Status outlaws polygamy and gives women the right to divorce in court.

1962
Riyadh

Saudi Arabia abolishes slavery by royal decree.

2004
Rabat

Morocco rewrites its family code: the marriage age rises to eighteen and a wife is no longer bound to obey.

2004
Amman

The Amman Message, later endorsed by scholars from some fifty countries, forbids declaring Muslims of the recognized schools unbelievers.

2007
Cairo

The founding jurist of Egyptian Islamic Jihad publishes, from prison, a full repudiation of the violence he had licensed.

2014
Worldwide

More than a hundred and twenty Sunni scholars sign an open letter refuting the Islamic State point by point, including its revival of slavery.

2016
Marrakesh

Some two hundred and fifty Muslim scholars and officials declare that religious minorities in Muslim lands hold full rights of citizenship.

2016
Riyadh

The Saudi religious police lose the power to pursue, arrest or question anyone.

2017
Tunis

Tunisia lifts the rule that barred Muslim women from marrying non-Muslim men.

2018
Riyadh

Women drive legally in Saudi Arabia. Cinemas reopen after thirty-five years.

2019
Abu Dhabi

The Pope and the Grand Imam of al-Azhar sign the Document on Human Fraternity, affirming freedom of belief and full citizenship.

2019
Banjar

Scholars of Nahdlatul Ulama, the largest Muslim organization on earth, recommend retiring the word for unbeliever when speaking of fellow citizens.

2019
Mecca

More than twelve hundred scholars from a hundred and thirty-nine countries approve the Charter of Makkah.

2020
Auschwitz

The head of the Muslim World League leads a delegation of senior clerics to pray at the camp.

2020
Khartoum

Sudan repeals the death penalty for leaving Islam.

2020
Abu Dhabi

The Emirates rewrite their personal law: an honor killing is now simply murder.

2023
Abu Dhabi

A mosque, a church and a synagogue of equal size open around one shared garden.

In preparation

The Reform Index

The ledger records events. The Index will record the present state of the law, country by country: apostasy, blasphemy, the status of minorities, the testimony of women, the content of the schoolbooks. Every entry will carry its source.

It is being compiled now. Researchers, newsrooms and institutions can ask for early access.

Know of an entry that is missing or wrong? Write to editor@defuseislam.org with the source.